This painting suggests shipping off the coast of Madras (also known as Fort St George in the 18th century, and today as Chennai) with the harbour and buildings of the city in the distance. Here, the British flag flies prominently from Fort St. George. Sir Edward Hughes took over the East Indies command from Commodore Sir Edward Vernon 1723-94, arriving at Madras on 19 January 1780, with six small ships of the line. It is possible that they may feature among the British shipping in the painting. The difficulties for the British in India increased at this time and they were fully occupied waging war against various local rulers, and against the French fleet at sea in a number of actions, until the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783.

The painting shows two ships to the left. The larger in the foreground, with its stern prominent, is a man-of-war under topsails flying the red ensign and a naval pennant. It is apparently taking in sail and coming in to anchor under topsails only. Among the local small craft in the centre foreground the most prominent is a local surf-boat, used at Madras to both load and disembark people and cargo on the beach, since the city had no natural harbour. The ship to the right of centre flies the flag of the Honourable East India Company, while that to the far right flies the red ensign and there are a number of smaller boats anchored close by. Callander (1750-1817), a Scottish artist, was third son in the seventeen children of John Callander (d.1789), lawyer and antiquary of Craigforth, Stirling. He was largely self-taught and is best known as a copyist of both landscapes and portraits, mainly working from prints, though there is some evidence he travelled, including to the West Indies. By 1780 he had settled in London and from that year to 1811 he showed fifty-one works at the Royal Academy and ten at the British Institution from 1806, also to 1811. In 1804 he also received £20 in aid from the Academy after losing £700-worth of drawings in a studio fire. He died in New Cavendish Street on 5 August 1817 and his widow dispersed much of his work at Christie's on 5 July following.This picture is one of a pair with BHC1926, which shows shipping off St Helena..