Apa 'apai

Tongan apa 'apai (club) of leaf-stalk type. It is heavily carved all over with a cylindrical handle and a four-sided, flat flared head. There are two pierced holes in the handle. The carved pattern includes human and animal figures among geometric designs. This club is made of toa wood (casuarina equisetifolia or she-oak) and said to have been brought back by Captain Cook from his second voyage.

The meaning of these rich Tongan club designs is still discussed, but likely relates to designs used in tattooing, bark cloths and matting, as all use pattern as part of protective surface marking and wrapping. The patterned surface both honours and controls an object, telling a story at the same time as it serves both to shield and to advertise its 'mana' or power. Such clubs could be priestly objects as well as for warriors. These patterns suggest the club may have had royal associations.

The animals included on this club have various symbolism. Dogs were chiefly animals, again enhanching the projection of power as here they are connected directly to the human figures. The birds are likely either pigeons – an important focus for elite sport on Tonga, which could also represent incarnated gods - or Banded Rails, birds sacred to the king of Tonga. The figures are likely gods or figures of power. Two of the human figures seem to be shown with 'elephantiasis' (extreme swelling) of the testicles: a common Tongan condition that often led to castrations or amputations. Club decorations often showed people with a visible disability, celebrating difference and alternative 'mana' or power.

Object Details

ID: AAA2837
Collection: World Cultures
Type: Apa 'apai
Display location: Display - Pacific Encounters Gallery
Events: Exploration: Cook's Second Voyage, 1772
Date made: Before 1777
People: Malcolm, Neil; Cook, James
Credit: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
Measurements: Overall: 1004 x 203 mm