Cargo vessel; Junk, crooked stern

Scale: about 1:20. A model of a Wai-Pu-Ku (Chinese crooked stern junk) made entirely in wood with metal and organic material fittings. The majority of the model is made in a honey coloured wood, with some fittings in a darker wood resembling mahogany. The hull has been carved and the model is unpainted apart from the cabin roof which is stained black. The hull is flat-bottomed and has a flat, bluff bow which is reinforced with a substantial piece of wood secured transversely across the front of the bow with metal straps. The main deck has six hatch covers intended to be removable. The single mast, positioned just forward of amidships, is rigged with a single rectangular and unbattoned sail made from sand coloured cotton with prominent dark vertical stitching running its entire length. The sail is set with irregularly carved yards at the top and bottom. The mast button is in the form of a four pointed crown and there is a single block rigged immediately below it, to which is attached the top yard. The single cabin is positioned aft of the mast and is rectangular in plan with a near semi-circular roof. The cabin is entirely open at the front but has a bulkhead and door inside. There are two rails mounted at the aft end of the roof. The transversely planked deck rises towards the stern and the stern itself sweeps off-centre to starboard. The counter is irregular in shape and, viewed from behind, is much higher on the port side. Attached to the stern bulwark is a horizontal plank that extends over the starboard stern quarter to which is mounted, at the extreme ends, two thole pins. The innermost thole pin is made from lighter wood and passes vertically through the plank like a peg, the other, in darker wood, is attached to the top of the plank. The model is equipped with a steering oar, four oars with dark wooden blades, a red pennant, and a separate pennant staff.

These type of vessel were used on the Kungt'an Ho river between Foochow and Kungt'an. Lacking only the built up wooden house, bow and side sweeps and being only one third the size, this type of junk is constructed along the same principles as the large salt carrying crooked stern junks. However, salt was not carried by the smaller junk, but general cargo. The advantage of the crooked stern is thought to be that, in an emergency, it permits two sweeps of different sizes with nearly the same radiusof action to operate simultaneously in a small space without fouling one another. However, this cannot apply to the small crooked stern junk, as no side sweep is carried. The explanation may lie in the fact that the crooked stern junk provides considerable additional strength to support the stern sweep, which can be 13.5m in length, 2m longer than the junks.

Object Details

ID: AAE0150
Collection: Ship models
Type: Full hull model; Rigged model; Sails set
Display location: Not on display
Creator: Unknown
Date made: Unknown
Credit: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
Measurements: Overall: 587 x 570 x 125 mm
Parts: Cargo vessel; Junk, crooked stern