Anne of Denmark

Who was Queen Anne of Denmark?

An assertive and shrewd political leader, Queen Anne of Denmark was a keen patron of the arts. In 1594, she married James I of England, at the age of 14.

In 1616, she commissioned leading architect, Inigo Jones, to design the Queen's House in Greenwich.

Anne of Denmark's children

Anne gave birth to her first child, Prince Henry Frederick, in 1594. Henry’s arrival was celebrated but Anne’s happiness was short lived. Henry was sent away to Stirling, to be looked after by John Erskine, earl of Mar, just as Charles himself had been. Anne was heartbroken, and Anne and James’ relationship never quite recovered.

However, James and Anne did go on to have six other children, many of whom died in childhood. Of these seven children, only two, Charles and Elizabeth survived to adulthood.

In 1612, Prince Henry died from suspected typhoid fever, just days before his 19th birthday. This meant that Charles became the eldest prince and heir to the throne.

He would go on to become King Charles I. His wife, Henrietta Maria, would oversee the completion of the Queen’s House.

Elizabeth would later become Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia or ‘The Winter Queen’. In 1619, she married Frederick V, Elector Palatine. Following his death in 1632, Elizabeth lived in voluntary exile in the Hague for 30 years.

Find out more about Elizabeth of Bohemia

Queen Anne and the courts

Anne’s interest in and knowledge of the arts meant that she had a great impact on Scottish court culture. She was a keen art collector, and patron of musicians and poets. Upon moving to England, these expanded even more into masques.

Masques were courtly entertainment that involved singing, dancing and acting. They involved elaborate stage and costume design. Many of Queen Anne’s masques were designed by Inigo Jones, who was the architect behind the Queen's House. 

Anne commissioned and starred in many of these masques herself.

Find out more about Inigo Jones and the Queen's House

Anne of Denmark's cause of death

Anne was very ill towards the end of her life. After the birth of her last child it is thought that she suffered gynaecological problems as well as having an ulcerated leg and gout.

Despite visiting various spas in Bath and Greenwich in an attempt to recover, Anne was too ill to leave Hampton Court Palace after 1618. She eventually died there, on 2 March 1619, of tuberculosis aged 44.

Anne’s death came before the completion of the Queen’s House. It was completed in around 1636 by her daughter in law, Henrietta Maria.