Janssen photographic revolver plate used to observe the Transit of Venus, 1874, from Roorkee, India

Circular glass plate negative with 60 exposures of what appears to be Venus crossing the Sun's limb with a number scratched on the glass every tenth. The diameter of the glass plate is 255mm. It consists of a circular negative in glass wooden frame, with a perspex cover on front.

Research at the Royal Observatory, Paris, suggests that this plate is a positive made from the original negative plate taken at Roorkee (India) on the Transit of Venus 1874 between two contacts using a Janssen 'revolver'. However the photoheliographic instrument used at Roorkee - De La Rue's instrument - was only 273mm diameter suggesting the positive might have been enlarged.

The photographic revolver was invented by the French astronomer Jules Janssen (1824-1907) specifically for the Transit of Venus seen in 1874. Attached to a telescope, Janssen's 'revolver' captured a sequence of images to help measure the critical moments of contact as Venus entered and left the Sun's disc. This device was the precursor to the cinema camera.

Object Details

ID: AST1086
Collection: Astronomical and navigational instruments
Type: Photonegative
Display location: Not on display
Creator: Janssen; Unknown
Events: Transit of Venus, 1874
Date made: 1874
People: Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar
Credit: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
Measurements: Overall: 20 mm x 333 mm x 333 mm