Glass bottle with a glass stopper that is covered with a piece of leather with string wrapped round. Brown residue inside. Printed label reads "Spirit of Sal Volatile". Second label has printed company name "Twinberrow Pharmaceutical Operative Chemist." Smelling salts, also known as spirit of hartshorn or sal volatile, are chemical compounds used for arousing consciousness.[1] The usual active compound is ammonium carbonate, a colorless-to-white, crystalline solid ((NH4)2CO3•H2O). Bond/Hadlow, 1862, p. 42: “Spirits of Sal Volatile. This, which is a valuable preparation of ammonia, from its diffusability is given internally as a stimulant, and sudorfic, with manifest advantage; in continued fevers of long standing it restores the energy of the brain; in intermittent fevers, it is of advantage in hastening the subsidence of the cold stage. In scarlatina and measles, when the eruption has seceded from the skin (in the absence of inflammatory symptoms), it is a valuable diffusible diaphoretic. Even in some inflammatory diseases, previously reduced by proper evacuations, ammonia has been serviceable. In certain nervous affections, as hysteria and hypochondriasis, it is attended with benefit. In poisoning with sedatives, as foxglove, tobacco, and prussic acid, it is a most valuable agent, - in spasms and convulsions equally so. Against the bites if poisonous animals, as serpents, and insect, ammonia is frequently employed with the best effects; in fact, it has been asserted (by Sage) that it is a specific.” (follows description of doses)